Hakuchi dialect

Hakuchi
Къарацхаибзэ
Pronunciation	[qaːraːt͡sxaːjɘbzɐ]
Native to	Turkey
Ethnicity	Hakuchey
Language family	Northwest Caucasian Circassian Adyghe Shapsug Hakuchi
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	xaku1238

Hakuchi (Adyghe: ХьакӀуцубзэ [ħaːkʷʼɘt͡sʷɘbzɐ] or Къарацхаибзэ [qaːraːt͡sxaːjɘbzɐ] in Hakuchi Adyghe) is a variety of the Shapsug sub-dialect of West Adyghe dialect of the Adyghe language spoken in Turkey. It is considered to be the most archaic variety of Adyghe.

Since the Hakuchi are considered an isolated Shapsug clan, their dialect differs little from that of the Shapsug dialect. It is also believed that the Hakuchis are a blend of various Circassian tribes: Shapsug, Ubykh, Abdzakh and others. This is why the Hakuchi dialect has some interesting phonetics in it.

Phonology

The Hakuchi has an uvular ejective [qʼ] and a labialized uvular ejective [qʷʼ] that correspond to West Adyghe and Kabardian Adyghe glottal stop [ʔ] and labialized glottal stop [ʔʷ].

Word	Hakuchi dialect		Ubykh	West Adyghe		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic		IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
two	[tʼqʷʼə]	тӀыкъӀу	tʼqʷʼɜ	[tʷʼə]	тӀу	[tʼəw]	тӀу
to say	[qʷʼan]	къӀон (къӀуэн)	qʼɜ	[ʔʷan]	Ӏон	[ʔʷan]	Ӏуэн
hand	[qʼa]	къӀэ	q'ɐp'ɜ	[ʔa]	Ӏэ	[ʔa]	Ӏэ
table	[qʼaːna]	къӀанэ	ʂɜ'nɨ	[ʔaːna]	Ӏанэ	[ʔana]	Ӏэнэ
hat	[paːqʷʼa]	пакъӀо (пакъӀуэ)	bˤɜ'qˤʼɨ	[paːʔʷa]	паӀо	[pəʔa]	пыIэ

See also

• Circassian languages
  • Adyghe language
    • Abzakh Adyghe dialect
    • Bzhedug Adyghe dialect
    • Shapsug Adyghe dialect
  • Ubykh language
  • Kabardian language
    • Besleney (Cherkessian) Adyghe sub-dialect

References

• John Colarusso, A grammar of the Kabardian language, University of Calgary Press, 1992, ISBN 0-919813-99-2, p. 2
• Henricus Joannes Smeets, Studies in West Circassian phonology and morphology, Hakuchi Press, 1984, pp. 3,361,452